習(xí)近平總書記教育重要論述講義

Understanding Xi Jinping’s Educational Philosophy

堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義教育發(fā)展道路。道路決定命運(yùn)。沒有正確的道路，再美好的愿景、再偉大的夢(mèng)想，都不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義教育發(fā)展道路，必須扎根中國(guó)、融通中外，立足時(shí)代、面向未來；必須不斷解放思想、開拓創(chuàng)新，緊扣時(shí)代主題，結(jié)合中國(guó)實(shí)際，認(rèn)真吸收世界上先進(jìn)的辦學(xué)治學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，探索更多符合國(guó)情的辦法，促進(jìn)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義教育事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。1. 扎根中國(guó)、融通中外。習(xí)近平總書記指出：“當(dāng)今世界，開放融通的潮流滾滾向前。人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的歷史告訴我們，開放帶來進(jìn)步，封閉必然落后。世界已經(jīng)成為你中有我、我中有你的地球村，各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展日益相互聯(lián)系、相互影響，推進(jìn)互聯(lián)互通、加快融合發(fā)展成為促進(jìn)共同繁榮發(fā)展的必然選擇。”2. 立足時(shí)代、面向未來。教育改革發(fā)展要緊扣時(shí)代主題。不斷增強(qiáng)教育發(fā)展的前瞻性。教育發(fā)展要兼顧現(xiàn)實(shí)與未來。

The path we take determines our future. If we take the wrong path, we will never reach our goal, no matter how attractive it is. The prosperity of socialist education with Chinese characteristics requires us to be grounded in China and connected with the world, and serve the present and look into the future; it also requires us to free our mind and innovate, keep up with the times, adapt the world’s advanced experience to China’s situation, and explore practices that meet out national conditions. 1. China-rooted and globally connected. Xi Jinping has said, “We live in a time of openness and connectivity. History shows that openness leads to progress while seclusion leaves one behind. The world today is a global village, where our interests and our economic and social progress interconnect. To achieve common prosperity in today’s world, we have no choice but to pursue greater connectivity and integration.” 2. Serving the present and looking into the future. Education reform and development should serve the needs of the times. Education should be anchored to the future. Education development should balance the needs of the present and the future.

習(xí)言習(xí)語 Quote from Xi Jinping

教育傳承過去、造就現(xiàn)在、開創(chuàng)未來，是推動(dòng)人類文明進(jìn)步的重要力量。

—2016年9月10日，習(xí)近平總書記致首屆清華大學(xué)蘇世民書院開學(xué)典禮的賀信

Education connects us with the past, forges the present, and creates the future; it is an important force driving forward human civilization.

—Congratulatory message for the launch of Schwarzman College, Tsinghua Univeristy, September 10, 2016

參考文獻(xiàn)：

本書編寫組，2023，《習(xí)近平總書記教育重要論述講義》，北京：高等教育出版社。

〇 Exercise

性善 Human Nature Is Good.

Education has the function of _____ us with the past, _____ the present and _____ the future.

孟子提出的一種人性論觀點(diǎn)。孟子所言人性，指人天生所具有的人之所以為人的本質(zhì)屬性，亦即是人區(qū)別于禽獸的道德本性。這個(gè)意義上的人性，構(gòu)成了仁、義、禮、智等德行的內(nèi)在根基或依據(jù)。但是，人性中具備的只是德行的端始，并不等于德行的實(shí)現(xiàn)或完成。人們需要不斷擴(kuò)充人性中的善端，才能確立起良好的德行。

This view on human nature was first proposed by Mencius. As Mencius saw it, human nature is the inherent moral character which a human being naturally possesses and which distinguishes him from an animal. In this sense, human nature underpins such virtues as benevolence, righteousness, sound social norms, and good judgment. However, good human nature does not automatically constitute virtuous conduct. People need to continuously cultivate good human nature in order to develop virtuous conduct.

引例 Citation:

◢孟子道性善，言必稱堯、舜。（《孟子·滕文公上》）

（孟子講述性善之說，言談必稱述堯、舜的事跡。）

When Mencius spoke about human nature being good, he always referred to the exploits of Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun. (Mencius)

參考文獻(xiàn)：

中華思想文化術(shù)語編委會(huì)，2019，《中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化關(guān)鍵詞》，北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。

〇 Exercise

Which of the following views is NOT attributed to Mencius?

A) The belief that human nature is inherently good

B) The idea that a ruler should practice benevolent governance

C) The belief that human nature is evil

D) The importance of cultivating one’s moral character through inner reflection

《齊物論》 The Adjustment of Controversies

《齊物論》以“天地一指，萬物一馬”的恢弘視角，打破了人類中心主義的傲慢。莊子從“吾喪我”的哲學(xué)視角出發(fā)，將日月山川、草木蟲魚納入同源共生的生命共同體，揭示了“道通為一”的生態(tài)本相。文本中“莊周夢(mèng)蝶”的物化寓言，如一面映照萬物的明鏡，破除了主客對(duì)立關(guān)系---當(dāng)蝴蝶振翅的韻律與人類呼吸同頻，物我界限便在“天地與我并生”的澄明中悄然消融。這種超越物種差異的齊物智慧，在氣候危機(jī)加劇、物種加速消亡的今天，呼喚著人類重新審視與萬物共生的古老智慧。

The Chuang Tzu: Chapter on The Adjustment of Controversies dismantles anthropocentric arrogance through its grand perspective that “All things in heaven and earth may be dealt with a finger; each of their myriads may be dealt with a horse.” Starting from the philosophical stance of “the loss of myself”, Zhuangzi integrates the sun, the moon, mountains, rivers, plants and creatures into a shared life community of common origin, revealing the ecological truth that “ They may in the light of the Dao all be reduced to the same category (of opinion about them)”.

The metaphorical allegory “Zhuang Zhou Dreams of a Butterfly” reflects the interconnection of all existence and dissolves the rigid subject-object dichotomy. When the rhythm of a butterfly’s wings harmonizes with human breath, the boundary between self and object quietly dissolves in the clarity of “Heaven, Earth, and I were produced together.” The wisdom of transcending species distinctions, rooted in the equality of all beings, resonates urgently today. Amid escalating climate crisis and accelerating species extinction, it calls humanity to reexamine ancient insights into symbiotic coexistence with all life.

引例 Citation:

◢昔者莊周夢(mèng)為胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻適志與！不知周也。俄然覺，則蘧蘧然周也。不知周之夢(mèng)為胡蝶與，胡蝶之夢(mèng)為周與？周與胡蝶，則必有分矣。此之謂物化。 （《莊子·齊物論》）

（從前莊周，夢(mèng)見自己變成一只蝴蝶，翩翩飛舞的一只蝴蝶，遨游各處悠游自在，根本不知道自己原來是莊周。忽然醒過來，自己分明是莊周。不知道是莊周做夢(mèng)化為蝴蝶呢，還是蝴蝶做夢(mèng)化為莊周呢？莊周和蝴蝶必定是有所分別的。這種轉(zhuǎn)變就叫做“物化”。）

Formerly, I, Zhuang Zhou, dreamt that I was a butterfly, a butterfly flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself. I did not know that it was Zhou. Suddenly I awoke, and was myself again, the veritable Zhou. I did not know whether it had formerly been Zhou dreaming that he was a butterfly, or it was now a butterfly dreaming that it was Zhou. But between Zhou and a butterfly there must be a difference. This is a case of what is called The Transformation of Things.

(The Writings of Kwang-tsze. The Adjustment of Controversies)

參考文獻(xiàn)：

陳鼓應(yīng)，2016，《莊子今注今譯》（上下冊(cè)），北京：商務(wù)印書館。

Legge,James, The Writings of Kwang-tsze, London: Oxford University Press Warehouse, 1891

〇 Exercise

Translate the following sentence into English:

天地與我并生，而萬物與我為一。